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EU Migration Crossings Hit Three-Year Low as Mediterranean Routes See Major Shifts
Recent data from Frontex reveals a significant transformation in European Union migration patterns, with irregular border crossings dropping 38% in 2024 to approximately 239,000 detections – the lowest figure since 2021.
The Central Mediterranean corridor witnessed the most dramatic change, with crossings plummeting 59% due to reduced departures from Tunisia and Libya. Despite this sharp decline, it remained a principal migration route with 67,000 recorded crossings. Even more striking was the Western Balkan route's 78% decrease, attributed to enhanced regional migration management strategies.
However, not all routes experienced declines. The Eastern Mediterranean passage saw a 14% uptick, reaching 69,400 crossings, driven by new pathways from eastern Libya. Syria, Afghanistan, and Egypt emerged as the primary countries of origin for this route. The Western Africa route to the Canary Islands set a record since Frontex began data collection in 2009, with nearly 47,000 arrivals marking an 18% increase.
Demographic patterns showed interesting shifts, with women comprising just over 10% of total migrants, predominantly using the Eastern Mediterranean route. The percentage of minors increased to 16% in 2024, up from 13% the previous year.
The Eastern Borders route experienced a threefold increase in crossings, particularly along Ukrainian and Belarusian borders. Similarly, attempts to cross the English Channel rose by 9% compared to 2023.
Despite the overall reduction in crossings, significant challenges persist. Frontex officials noted that smuggling networks continue to adapt their methods, with some becoming increasingly violent, particularly along the Western Balkan route. Regional instability, especially in the Sahel, continues to drive migration toward Europe.
The human cost remains severe, with the International Organization for Migration reporting over 2,300 lives lost at sea during attempted crossings in 2024, underlining the ongoing humanitarian challenges despite reduced overall numbers.
This data provides key insights into evolving migration patterns and the effectiveness of various border management strategies while highlighting persistent humanitarian concerns in European migration dynamics.
