Morocco's Middle Class Ascendance: Poverty Declines as Economic Prosperity Rises
In a remarkable revelation challenging prevailing perceptions, a recent study conducted by The Policy Center for the New South (PCNS) unveils a heartening trend in Morocco's socioeconomic landscape. Contrary to the widespread belief that Moroccan society is becoming increasingly polarized with the erosion of the middle class, the study's findings suggest a narrative of progress and shared prosperity.
The analysis, drawing upon data from the 2012 and 2019 waves of the National Observatory of Human Development's Household Panel Survey (HPS), paints a compelling picture of a nation witnessing a significant decline in poverty rates and a concurrent strengthening of its middle class.
According to the study, the incidence of poverty, defined as the proportion of the population falling below a certain poverty threshold, decreased from 14% in 2012 to a commendable 9.6% in 2019. This downward trajectory is further reinforced by a staggering 60% reduction in the severity measure of poverty, reflecting a narrowing of inequality and a relative improvement in the living standards of the nation's most vulnerable segments.
"There has been pro-poor growth over the period," the report asserts, indicating that the poorest have experienced a relative improvement in their situation, alongside a significant portion of the middle class.
Defying the prevailing narrative of deteriorating living standards, the study contends that "no data-based study has been conducted to confirm this perception," underscoring the importance of evidence-based analysis in shaping public discourse.
The middle class, once seen as a shrinking segment of Moroccan society, has emerged as a formidable force, accounting for a remarkable 61% of the overall population in 2019, a 16% increase from its 53% share in 2012. This burgeoning middle class has established itself as the dominant segment in rural areas, exceeding 70% in 2019, while urban areas have also witnessed a substantial expansion, with the middle class representing two-thirds of the urban population by 2019.
The consolidation of the middle class, coupled with the narrowing of poverty, has consequently eased inequality and polarization throughout the study period. The report notes, "We indeed observe a significant decrease in inequality for the three measures considered at the national level and for the two areas considered."
Remarkably, rural areas experienced the largest decrease in inequality and polarization, with the Theil index, a statistical measure used to quantify economic inequality within a population, dropping by an impressive 40%. Meanwhile, urban areas consistently exhibited greater inequality, both in 2012 and 2019, suggesting an ongoing need for targeted interventions to address disparities within urban settings.
This study, with its comprehensive sample size encompassing approximately 8,000 households in 2012 and a staggering 16,879 households in 2019, offers a compelling narrative of Morocco's socioeconomic transformation. As the nation continues to navigate the complexities of development, this analysis stands as a testament to the power of data-driven policymaking and the potential for shared prosperity to reshape societal narratives.