The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a major asset for Africa in terms of employment and future opportunities in an increasingly youthful continent. Research shows that this technology has the potential to contribute up to $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030, with $1.2 trillion generated in Africa. However, this ambition could face the reality of the level of technological development on the continent.
AI offers cross-cutting benefits in various areas, optimizing tasks traditionally performed by humans. To understand the current revolution, it is useful to recall past industrial revolutions and their impact on humanity.
The first economic revolution marked the birth of industry in Europe, America, and Asia, characterized by a profound change in the economy driven by advances in energy and transportation.
The second industrial revolution, driven by the mastery of electricity, greatly benefited the United States and was key to its rise as a global power.
The third revolution, initiated after World War II, was characterized by the democratization of computing and digitalization across sectors.
The fourth industrial revolution, based on technology and the improvement of quality of life, highlights the rapid development of artificial intelligence in recent years.
AI can become a job creation engine for unemployed youth, provided it is regulated to prevent abuses. In Africa, several startups specialize in AI and offer services to multinationals, providing employment opportunities for many young Africans.
Labor in Africa is cheaper than in other regions, attracting companies that set up call centers in East African countries like Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda.
However, AI also presents risks, such as the exploitation of poorly paid workers and potential data control by multinationals. It is essential to establish appropriate policies to regulate the use of AI and avoid these risks, although Africa should not wait for these regulations to be in place to adopt the technology.