How Israel expanded its surveillance network across Gaza during the war

Monday 03 - 15:15

By: Azzat Manal

How Israel expanded its surveillance network across Gaza during the war

Since the beginning of the war in Gaza in October 2023, the Israeli military has developed a network of positions across the territory that serve not only as operational bases but also as surveillance and monitoring points, according to an analysis based on satellite imagery and geographic data.

An investigation using open-source intelligence techniques examined the distribution of military sites in Gaza and found that dozens of positions were established in strategic locations, particularly in elevated areas. These locations provide broader visibility over surrounding neighborhoods, roads, and displacement camps, allowing greater control of the battlefield environment.

The analysis indicated that the placement of these sites followed a calculated geographic pattern rather than a random deployment. Many positions were built on natural elevations, with some located more than 70 meters above sea level, giving them a significant advantage in observing large areas of the Gaza Strip.

Researchers used digital elevation maps and geographic information system (GIS) tools to study the visibility range from these military locations. The findings suggested that the combination of elevated terrain, observation towers, protective structures, and communication equipment created an interconnected surveillance network extending across different parts of the territory.

Some military positions reportedly developed beyond temporary outposts, including permanent structures, fortified buildings, monitoring towers, and communication facilities. These installations have strengthened Israel’s ability to collect information and maintain observation capabilities in key areas.

The analysis also examined several locations near Gaza City, Khan Younis, and other areas, showing that many bases were positioned near strategic hills and elevated zones. According to the report, these positions provided wider views of nearby residential areas and important routes.

The investigation also included testimonies from displaced Palestinians who reported repeated incidents of fire coming from the direction of some military positions, as well as the presence of small surveillance drones in certain areas.

The findings highlight the growing role of technology, geographic intelligence, and surveillance systems in modern warfare. The expansion of observation networks in Gaza reflects how military strategies increasingly rely on controlling information, visibility, and movement during conflicts.