Global Health Watchdog Addresses Emerging Mpox Strain

In a recent statement, the World Health Organization (WHO) clarified the current mpox situation, distinguishing it from the COVID-19 pandemic. Hans Kluge, WHO's European director, emphasized that the organization has substantial knowledge about the mpox virus and effective control measures, which sets it apart from the uncertainties that initially surrounded COVID-19.

Speaking via video link at a media briefing in Geneva, Kluge addressed concerns regarding the clade 1b strain of mpox. This strain led the WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on August 14. While acknowledging the need for further research on this strain, Kluge expressed confidence in the ability to control its spread.

This stance follows a previous PHEIC declaration in July 2022, which focused on the international outbreak of the less severe clade 2b strain, primarily affecting gay and bisexual men. That alert was lifted in May 2023.

Kluge highlighted the organization's understanding of mpox control methods, stating, "We know how to control mpox. In the European region, we have the steps needed to eliminate its transmission altogether."

Mpox, characterized by pus-filled lesions and flu-like symptoms, is generally mild but can be fatal in some cases. The recent global concern arises from the clade 1b variant, which appears to spread more easily through routine close contact. A case of this variant was confirmed in Sweden last week, linked to a growing outbreak in Africa.

The emergence of the clade 1b strain has renewed focus on the less severe clade 2 variety. Kluge emphasized the importance of improved public health advice and surveillance for this strain, noting that approximately 100 new cases of clade 2 mpox are reported monthly in the European region.

Regarding transmission, Kluge maintained that close skin-to-skin contact remains the primary route. However, he acknowledged the possibility of transmission through droplets from individuals in the acute phase of infection, particularly those with oral blisters, in close-contact settings such as homes or hospitals.

"The modes of transmission are still a bit unclear. More research is required," Kluge added, underscoring the need for continued investigation.

WHO spokesperson Tarik Jasarevic clarified that the organization is not recommending the use of masks or mass vaccination. Instead, the WHO advises targeted vaccination in outbreak settings for high-risk groups.

The recent PHEIC declaration on August 14 was prompted by concerns over the rise in clade 1b cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its spread to neighboring countries. As global health authorities continue to monitor the situation, the emphasis remains on targeted interventions and ongoing research to effectively manage this evolving health challenge.