Moroccan scientists track COVID-19 mutations in groundbreaking study

Saturday 23 August 2025 - 08:20

By: Dakir Madiha

Moroccan scientists track COVID-19 mutations in groundbreaking study

For the first time, Moroccan researchers have mapped the evolution of COVID-19 within the country, showcasing how the virus mutated and spread between 2021 and 2024.

Pioneering research

Conducted by the Pasteur Institute of Morocco and Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca, the study marks a significant milestone in genomic surveillance. Published in the prestigious journal NPJ Viruses (part of the Nature group), the research, titled “Genomic surveillance in Morocco tracks SARS-CoV-2 variant shift from Alpha to Omicron sublineage JN1,” analyzed 235 patient samples to monitor the virus’s adaptation over time.

Supported by the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the study offers the first detailed look at COVID-19’s evolution in Morocco, providing insights into how it transitioned from early variants to the highly transmissible Omicron subvariants.

A shifting viral landscape

The research reveals a dramatic shift in variant dominance. In 2021, Alpha and Delta variants each accounted for around 38% of infections, while Omicron, emerging earlier than anticipated, represented 21%.

By 2022, Omicron and its subvariants had fully replaced other strains, dominating all recorded cases by 2024. Lead researcher Oumaima Bouddahab highlighted the adaptability of Omicron subvariants, such as JN.1.45, which carry up to 89 mutations, enabling the virus to evade immune defenses.

Delta, while more likely to cause severe illness, was surpassed by Omicron due to its higher transmissibility. The study noted that significant symptoms were common, especially among patients aged 20 to 40, with nearly 80% of cases exhibiting noticeable effects.

Morocco as a viral crossroads

The research underscores Morocco’s strategic role as a hub for viral transmission. Genetic mapping revealed the exchange of variants with Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia, linked to Morocco’s position as a major trade and travel hub.

Key mutations such as E484K and N501Y, known to reduce vaccine efficacy, were identified in Moroccan samples. These mutations, previously linked to large outbreaks in Brazil and India, emphasize the need for updated vaccines to address evolving strains.

Recommendations for future preparedness

The researchers concluded with actionable recommendations to strengthen Morocco’s defenses against future pandemics.

1- Establish permanent genomic monitoring centers at borders and transport hubs.

2- Invest in adaptable vaccine platforms capable of addressing emerging variants.

3- Enhance regional cooperation across North Africa, with support from the World Health Organization (WHO).

The study underscores the necessity of local genomic surveillance to complement global data. “Viruses do not stop at borders,” the researchers warned, emphasizing the importance of building scientific capacity to monitor and respond to evolving threats.