Sahara autonomy: A roadmap under Moroccan sovereignty
The concept of autonomy, as proposed by Morocco and reaffirmed by the UN Security Council's recent Resolution 2797, offers a balanced solution to the Sahara conflict. This model grants the region the ability to manage its own affairs without seeking independence from the central government, fostering local governance while maintaining national unity.
Following the adoption of Resolution 2797 on October 31, the UN Secretary-General’s Personal Envoy, Staffan de Mistura, outlined plans for upcoming negotiations in Brussels. The resolution, widely seen as a historic step, underscores the international community's determination to resolve a conflict that has persisted for over five decades.
De Mistura highlighted the significance of this renewed global momentum, likening the Security Council's commitment to "strong and steady winds" propelling the UN Secretariat toward its goal. He emphasized that future negotiations must be conducted in good faith and without predetermined outcomes, urging Morocco to present an updated autonomy plan while calling on Algeria and its allies to engage constructively.
The resolution is notable for its explicit recognition of Moroccan sovereignty and the autonomy framework as the only viable path forward. It also dismisses the long-standing idea of a referendum, marking a shift in the diplomatic approach to the conflict. De Mistura, however, sought to reassure Algeria by framing the resolution as a foundation for open and inclusive discussions, leaving room for alternative ideas while reinforcing the UN's facilitation role.
The autonomy framework: Local governance within a united nation
Morocco’s autonomy proposal, first introduced in 2007, envisions granting the Sahara broad administrative, political, and economic powers under Moroccan sovereignty. This model allows the region to manage local affairs, including education, healthcare, tourism, and taxation, while adhering to national laws. Inspired by historical precedents and successful international examples, the framework balances regional self-governance with national integrity.
Historically, Morocco’s Makhzen authorities appointed local representatives to govern distant regions, a practice rooted in the country's traditions. The modern autonomy plan builds on this legacy, adapted to contemporary realities and legal frameworks.
By combining territorial integrity with regional development, Morocco aims to offer a progressive and sustainable solution. The autonomy plan also holds the promise of reinvigorating regional cooperation, particularly through the Union of the Maghreb, which has been stalled due to the Sahara dispute.
A decisive moment for resolution
Resolution 2797 reflects a decisive shift in the international approach to the Sahara. By affirming autonomy as the only horizon for negotiations, the UN and its member states are steering the process toward a realistic and durable solution. For Morocco, this represents a diplomatic victory and an opportunity to advance its vision for the region.
As negotiations begin, the focus will be on ensuring that all parties engage in good faith. With the framework of autonomy firmly established, the path to resolving this decades-long dispute may finally be within reach.
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