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Politics

India, the Democratic Titan: An Epic-Scale Electoral Marathon

Thursday 18 April 2024 - 10:16

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India, often dubbed "the world's largest democracy," is gearing up for a monumental challenge. Starting on April 19th, nearly a billion voters, representing 40% of India's youth, will be heading to the polls for the legislative elections. It's a true marathon spanning 44 days that will set new records.

This democratic colossus, spanning over 3 million square kilometers and boasting 1.4 billion souls, cannot conduct this election in a single day. Seven phases of voting spread across six weeks will be necessary, from April 19th to June 1st, to allow every citizen aged 18 and above to exercise their inalienable right.

The Indian Election Commission has set up an impressive logistical framework. Over a million polling stations, some situated in the most remote corners of the Himalayan mountains, the deserts of Rajasthan, or the islands of the Indian Ocean, will be open, equipped with 5.5 million voting machines. Fifteen million electoral agents, drawn from the civil service, will traverse the vast territory, sometimes covering hundreds of kilometers through winding mountain roads, on camelback or yak, to deliver the ballots.

In total, 543 seats of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament, are up for grabs for a 5-year term. In this diverse nation, 84 seats are reserved for candidates from disadvantaged castes, aiming to ensure their representation. Although a bill proposes to reserve one-third of the seats for women, they currently constitute only 15% of the current Parliament.

Close to 8,000 candidates, representing some 2,660 registered parties, are in the fray. But two giants dominate the electoral arena: the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led by the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and the Congress, the main opposition party advocating secularism. In 2019, the BJP secured a landslide victory with 303 seats. Modi, aged 73 and enjoying an 80% approval rating, aims for a second 5-year term to accumulate 15 years at the helm of the nation.

Observers speculate on the extent of the BJP's anticipated victory, with party leaders aiming for 400 seats, while the opposition struggles to unite against the electoral machinery of the ruling party. Regardless of the outcome, India will continue to dazzle the world with the scale of its extraordinary democratic exercise. The results of this electoral saga will be revealed on June 4th.