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Rising pollen levels in Spain: A growing concern for allergy sufferers
Experts in Spain have issued warnings regarding an earlier onset and prolonged presence of pollen this year, attributed largely to recent heavy rainfall. This situation calls for awareness and preparedness among the millions affected by pollen allergies.
Over one-third of Spain's population suffers from some form of pollen allergy, with the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) reporting that around eight million individuals are affected, particularly during the spring and summer months. Climate change, characterized by higher temperatures, is exacerbating pollen levels in the atmosphere, leading to an increase in allergies such as hay fever.
Dr. Ángel Moral, president of the SEAIC Aerobiology Committee, emphasizes the prevalence of pollen allergies, which manifest as symptoms ranging from itchy noses and watery eyes to severe breathing difficulties. Such conditions are among the most common health issues facing the population.
Seasonal variations in allergenic pollens
The types of allergenic pollens vary throughout the year, largely influenced by vegetation. Tree pollen predominates during winter and early spring, while grass pollen peaks in the spring and summer, according to research from the University Clinic of Navarra. The timing of pollen release also depends on geographical factors. For instance, grass pollen can linger until August in northern regions, whereas on the Mediterranean coast, it may persist until late October.
In May, olive pollen becomes a significant allergen, particularly in southern and Mediterranean areas, while its presence is negligible in northern provinces. The regions most affected by pollen include Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Madrid, and Murcia.
Common allergenic plants in Spain
Currently, olive and grass pollens are the most problematic for allergy sufferers. Dr. Moral notes that Spain has one of the highest rates of grass allergies globally, with about seven million of the eight million allergy sufferers reacting to grasses, olive trees, and other plants such as arizonica, shade banana, salsola, and parietaria. Additionally, plane tree seeds are notorious for triggering sneezing and coughing, as these trees are commonly planted in urban settings for their pollution-absorbing properties.
The changing landscape of pollen seasons
Research indicates that the pollen season in Spain—and globally—is lengthening due to climate change. Increased carbon dioxide levels are enhancing photosynthesis, leading to larger plants that produce more pollen. Studies over the past decade have confirmed a global rise in airborne pollen levels. For instance, Madrid has witnessed a doubling of pollen levels over the last 25 years, with average counts rising from 25,000 grains per cubic meter in 1995 to over 60,000 in 2020, according to data from the Palinocam Network.
Managing hay fever in Spain
For those experiencing hay fever, the Department of Allergology at the University Clinic of Navarra recommends effective treatments such as oral or topical antihistamines to alleviate symptoms like itching and sneezing. Nasal decongestants can also help mitigate symptoms. However, reducing exposure to pollen is crucial. Health clinics advise individuals to:
- Limit outdoor activities on days with high pollen counts.
- Stay indoors during peak pollen times, typically from 5 a.m. to 10 a.m. and 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.
- Keep windows closed while driving. Avoid drying clothes outdoors when pollen levels are elevated.
- Shower upon returning indoors to wash away pollen.
For those in need of specialized care, the Spanish Society of Allergology provides a map to locate nearby allergists.
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