Meningitis still claims over 250,000 lives worldwide each year

Saturday 28 March 2026 - 08:00

A major global study has revealed that meningitis continues to cause more than 250,000 deaths each year worldwide, highlighting the persistent threat posed by the disease despite medical progress.

According to research published in The Lancet Neurology, an estimated 2.54 million cases of meningitis were recorded in 2023, resulting in approximately 259,000 deaths. The findings are considered among the most comprehensive to date, covering a wide range of pathogens responsible for the illness.

Meningitis is an infection that affects the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. While viral meningitis is generally less severe, bacterial meningitis is particularly dangerous and can become fatal within 24 hours if not treated promptly.

Children under the age of five represent a significant proportion of the victims, accounting for more than one-third of deaths globally. The disease remains especially prevalent in low-income regions, notably in parts of sub-Saharan Africa often referred to as the “meningitis belt.”

Countries such as Nigeria, Chad, and Niger continue to experience some of the highest infection and mortality rates. Risk factors identified by researchers include premature birth, low birth weight, and exposure to air pollution.

Although vaccination campaigns have significantly reduced the number of cases since the early 2000s, progress has been slower compared to other infectious diseases. Health experts warn that current efforts are not sufficient to meet the targets set by the World Health Organization, which aims to reduce meningitis cases by 50% and deaths by 70% by 2030.

The study also notes that many cases and deaths likely go unreported, particularly in resource-limited settings, making the true burden of the disease potentially even higher.

Recent localized outbreaks, including cases reported in England, serve as a reminder that meningitis remains a global concern requiring sustained prevention efforts, improved access to vaccines, and stronger health systems.