Belgium warns of a growing and complex security threat landscape

Thursday 15 January 2026 - 12:30

By: Sahili Aya

Belgium warns of a growing and complex security threat landscape

Belgium is facing an increasingly complex range of security threats, according to a newly released assessment by the country’s State Security Service.

The report identifies foreign interference, terrorism, online radicalization, and organized crime as key challenges. Russia is described as the most immediate external threat, with Belgian authorities pointing to espionage activities, cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, and attempts to influence political processes since the start of the war between Moscow and Kyiv.

Belgian intelligence services have reportedly denied entry to dozens of Russian intelligence officers in recent years who were suspected of operating under diplomatic cover. The report also mentions suspicious drone activity near sensitive locations, though no conclusive evidence has been found linking these incidents directly to Russia.

Domestically, both left-wing and right-wing extremist movements remain active. Most recorded cases involve violent protests, intimidation, or threats rather than organized terrorist plots.

Particular concern has been raised over online extremist subcultures that target young and vulnerable individuals. These groups use digital platforms to spread radical ideas, engage in manipulation, and, in some cases, promote extreme violence. For the first time, Belgian security officials say this form of online extremism has become structurally present in the country, even if its full scope remains difficult to assess.