Ashura in Morocco: A Tapestry of Tradition, Spirituality, and Celebration

As the sun dips below the horizon on the ninth day of Muharram, the streets and homes of Morocco come alive with the vibrant festivities of Ashura. This ancient tradition, rich with Islamic and pre-Islamic history, paints the air with the scents of burning wood and the sounds of laughter, fusing joyous celebration with deep-rooted spiritual and superstitious beliefs.

Ashura in Morocco is a dazzling array of colors, flavors, and emotions, representing a unique blend of religious devotion and cultural festivity. From the lively dances of young girls in traditional costumes to the shared delights of festive treats, each element of Ashura carries profound meaning and symbolism.

The Religious Significance of Ashura

At its core, Ashura holds immense religious importance for Muslims around the world. The day commemorates several pivotal events, including the moment when Allah saved Moses and the Israelites by parting the Red Sea. Many Moroccans observe a voluntary fast on the 9th and 10th of Muharram, following the tradition of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

For Shia Muslims, Ashura marks the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), during the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE. Although predominantly Sunni, Morocco's Ashura traditions still reflect the influence of Shia Islam. Additionally, Moroccan Jews have historically celebrated Ashura alongside their Muslim neighbors, coinciding with Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement.

Festive Traditions and Rituals

One of the most iconic Ashura traditions in Morocco is the lighting of bonfires, known locally as “Shâala.” On the eve of Ashura, communities gather to build large bonfires, believing the smoke wards off evil spirits and brings good luck for the coming year.

Another cherished ritual is “Zamzam,” a spirited water fight symbolizing purification. Armed with water guns and balloons, children and young adults take to the streets, playfully engaging in battles that some believe have healing properties linked to the sacred well of Zamzam in Mecca.

In some regions, Ashura takes on a carnivalesque atmosphere with colorful parades, traditional music, and street performances. Participants don elaborate costumes and masks, often depicting characters from folklore or Islamic history, celebrating with a sense of unity and joy.

A mythical figure, “Baba Achour,” akin to Santa Claus, is also a significant part of the celebrations. Children sing songs and ask for treats in his honor, much like trick-or-treating during Halloween. Additionally, the traditional percussion instrument “Taarija” plays a central role, its unique sound filling the night as people gather to sing and dance.

Culinary Delights and Family Gatherings

Ashura in Morocco is incomplete without an array of delectable treats and traditional dishes. Families come together to prepare and enjoy sweets and savory delights, each with symbolic meaning. “Fakia,” a mix of dates, figs, raisins, almonds, and walnuts, is believed to bring health and prosperity. “Rfissa,” a hearty stew of lentils, chicken, and spices served over shredded pastry bread, is said to provide strength and vitality.

Couscous, the national dish, is prepared with seven vegetables, each symbolizing blessings and good fortune. Women gather for “Gueddida,” a celebration honoring women without children, preparing a special couscous dish with dried meat and vegetables.

Sweet treats like “Sellou,” made from toasted sesame seeds, almonds, and honey, and “Chebakia,” a deep-fried cookie dipped in honey and sprinkled with sesame seeds, are also enjoyed.

Acts of Charity and Kindness

Ashura is a time for giving back, embodying Islamic values of generosity and social responsibility. Many Moroccans perform acts of charity, distributing food and necessities to the poor and underprivileged. Some choose to pay their annual “Zakat” during Ashura, deepening their spiritual connection to the holiday.

Ashura is also a time for forgiveness and reconciliation. Moroccans use this opportunity to mend broken relationships, visit estranged family members, and extend gestures of goodwill.

Superstition and the Supernatural

Amidst the celebrations, superstitions and beliefs in the supernatural play a significant role. Many Moroccans believe the veil between the material and spiritual worlds is thinnest during Ashura, allowing greater interaction with unseen forces.

The power of “Zamzam” water is a prevalent belief, with Moroccans collecting and using it for various purposes, believing it brings prosperity and abundance. Ashura is also considered an auspicious time for magic and divination, with traditional healers and fortune-tellers sought out for their insights.

The presence of spirits and supernatural beings is heightened, with some believing the souls of the dead return to communicate or settle unfinished business. To protect themselves, Moroccans may burn incense, recite prayers, or use protective charms.

Challenges and Controversies

Despite the joy and unity, Ashura in Morocco faces challenges and controversies. The use of firecrackers and fireworks, though festive, poses significant safety risks. Authorities have attempted to control their use, but enforcement is difficult.

Environmental concerns also arise from the Shâala bonfires, which contribute to air pollution. Activists call for more eco-friendly alternatives. The water fights of Zamzam, amidst Morocco’s drought, raise questions about responsible water use.

Commercialization of Ashura has also drawn criticism, with the true meaning of the holiday at risk of being overshadowed by consumerism.

Despite these challenges, many Moroccans remain dedicated to preserving Ashura’s authentic spirit and passing down its traditions to future generations.