Morocco and Spain: A Thriving Multidimensional Partnership Rooted in Shared Ambition

The ties that bind Morocco and Spain extend beyond geographical proximity, reflecting a flourishing partnership built on shared Mediterranean heritage and driven by mutual economic and strategic interests. At the heart of this dynamic relationship is a thriving agricultural cooperation that serves as a cornerstone for their intertwined growth and development.

Morocco's decision to feature Spain as the guest country at the 16th edition of SIAM, one of the world's premier agricultural exhibitions, underscores the depth of their collaboration. This gesture not only highlights the strong cooperation between the two nations in areas such as agriculture, water resources, and the environment but also demonstrates Morocco's commitment to strengthening and expanding these multifaceted bonds, particularly in the realms of economic and trade cooperation.

Agriculture is a key component of the exchanges between these Mediterranean neighbors, forming the foundation upon which their mutual development is built. Sharing a similar climate, Morocco and Spain face common agricultural challenges, including water management, changing weather patterns, and fierce global competition. This common ground has paved the way for a resilient partnership characterized by shared experiences and a collaborative approach to addressing these challenges.

The impressive growth in trade between Rabat and Madrid attests to the strength of their economic ties. In 2023, bilateral trade reached €17.4 billion, a 7% increase from the previous year. Notably, Morocco's exports of fruits and vegetables to Spain saw a significant rise, jumping by 45% to reach MAD 1.43 billion in January 2024 alone. This trend extends to the seasonal agricultural labor force, with a record 16,000 Moroccan women from rural areas traveling to work in Spain's agricultural regions, such as Huelva, Albacete, Segovia, and Cantabria, for three to nine months.

The labor exchange program, facilitated by the bilateral agreement on workforce cooperation signed between Morocco and Spain on July 25, 2001, and managed by the National Agency for the Promotion of Employment and Skills (ANAPEC), exemplifies the depth of their collaboration. However, the agricultural relations between Rabat and Madrid are not without occasional turbulence, as evidenced by recent protests from Spanish farmers who blockaded highways and even discarded cargo loads of fruits and vegetables from non-EU countries, including Morocco.

These farmers accused their Moroccan counterparts of unfair competition, claiming that Moroccan products do not meet Spain's regulatory standards, a charge that Moroccan entities like the Moroccan Confederation of Agriculture and Rural Development (Comader) and the National Office for Food Safety (ONSSA) strongly refute, defending the quality of Morocco's exports. Despite these occasional tensions, the two countries have consistently managed to overcome such challenges, maintaining a functional and resilient agricultural partnership.

Spanish Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Luis Planas, in an interview with Morocco's state news agency MAP on the eve of SIAM's opening, highlighted the ever-deepening cooperation between the two nations, citing a 40% increase in bilateral trade over the past five years. "This has enabled Spain to become Morocco's leading trade partner, a result we are very proud of," he noted.

Planas further emphasized the remarkable growth in agri-food trade, with Spanish exports to Morocco reaching €1.155 billion, more than doubling over the past four years—though he acknowledged that there is still potential for further growth. Spanish investments in Morocco's agricultural sector have also been substantial, with 35 Spanish companies participating in this year's SIAM.

"Spanish exports have grown at a steady pace thanks to the competitiveness of Spanish products and Morocco's ongoing process of openness, which makes it an attractive destination for foreign investment," Planas explained. "In 2023, Spanish agri-food and maritime exports to Morocco constituted 1.6% of total Spanish exports, while Moroccan exports to Spain represented 3.9% of Spanish imports. As Morocco's leading trade partner, we can further enhance exchanges and investments in innovative agricultural projects through smarter resource utilization, particularly water."

Yet, the rapport between these two nations extends beyond agriculture, encompassing various other sectors with remarkable success. Besides agri-food products, trade between Rabat and Madrid involves electronics, women's apparel, automotive equipment, components, and lubricants. Furthermore, the two countries have significantly increased their cooperation in combating irregular migration, preventing over 27,000 attempts to reach Spain in 2023 alone.

Whether on the economic or political front, Morocco and Spain share profound ties rooted in their geographical and cultural proximity. These bonds are poised to grow stronger in the coming years, fueled by their joint bid with Portugal to host the 2030 World Cup. Beyond the sporting spectacle, this pursuit underscores a shared vision for a future where cross-border collaboration is crucial to overcoming common challenges and fostering socioeconomic development.